![]() The meeting has been commemorated in the Martyrium of Saint Denis, Montmartre. Ignatius' six companions were: Francisco Xavier from Navarre ( modern Spain), Alfonso Salmeron, Diego Laínez, Nicolás Bobadilla from Castile ( modern Spain), Peter Faber from Savoy, and Simão Rodrigues from Portugal. ![]() On 15 August 1534, Ignatius of Loyola (born Íñigo López de Loyola), a Spaniard from the Basque city of Loyola, and six others mostly of Castilian origin, all students at the University of Paris, met in Montmartre outside Paris, in a crypt beneath the church of Saint Denis, now Saint Pierre de Montmartre, to pronounce promises of poverty, chastity, and obedience. ![]() Ignatius's plan of the order's organization was approved by Pope Paul III in 1540 by a bull containing the "Formula of the Institute". In 1534, Ignatius and six other young men, including Francis Xavier and Peter Faber, gathered and professed promises of poverty, chastity, and later obedience, including a special vow of obedience to the pope in matters of mission direction and assignment. He composed the Spiritual Exercises to help others follow the teachings of Jesus Christ. Ignatius of Loyola, a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain, founded the society after discerning his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound sustained in the Battle of Pamplona. In 1814, the Church lifted the suppression. ![]() Beginning in 1759, the Catholic Church expelled Jesuits from most countries in Europe and from European colonies. The Jesuits have always been controversial within the Catholic Church and have frequently clashed with secular governments and institutions. Jesuit missionaries established missions around the world from the 16th to the 18th century and had both successes and failures in Christianizing the native peoples. The society participated in the Counter-Reformation and, later, in the implementation of the Second Vatican Council. Jesuits are thus sometimes referred to colloquially as "God's soldiers", "God's marines", or "the Company". Accordingly, the opening lines of the founding document declared that the society was founded for "whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God, to strive especially for the defense and propagation of the faith, and for the progress of souls in Christian life and doctrine". This was so because Ignatius, its leading founder, was a nobleman who had a military background. Members of the Society of Jesus make profession of "perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience" and "promise a special obedience to the sovereign pontiff in regard to the missions" to the effect that a Jesuit is expected to be directed by the Pope " perinde ac cadaver" ("as if he was a lifeless body") and to accept orders to go anywhere in the world, even if required to live in extreme conditions. The historic curia of Ignatius is now part of the Collegio del Gesù attached to the Church of the Gesù, the Jesuit mother church. The headquarters of the society, its General Curia, is in Rome. The Society of Jesus is consecrated under the patronage of Madonna della Strada, a title of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and it is led by a Superior General. Jesuits also conduct retreats, minister in hospitals and parishes, sponsor direct social and humanitarian ministries, and promote ecumenical dialogue. Jesuits work in education, research, and cultural pursuits. The society is engaged in evangelization and apostolic ministry in 112 nations. It was founded in 1540 by Ignatius of Loyola and six companions, with the approval of Pope Paul III. ɪ t s, ˈ dʒ ɛ z( j) u, ˈ dʒ ɛ s-/ Latin: Iesuitae), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome. The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits ( / ˈ dʒ ɛ ʒ u.
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